Science发布巨匠最前沿的125个科常识题
2005年，在庆祝创刊125周年之际，Science公布了125个最具挑战性的科常识题。
16年之后的2021年，跟着科学的不休打破，好多问题获得一定过程的解答，一些问题也愈加真切，联袂Science杂志发布了“新125个科常识题”——《125个科常识题：探索与发现》。
这次发布的问题包括数学、化学、医学与健康、人命科学、天文体、物理学、信息科学、工程与材料科学、神经科学、生态学、动力科学与东说念主工智能等领域。除了“物资的发祥是什么”“黎曼猜思是确凿吗”“地球上有若干物种”等科学家永恒在追问的问题，还有一些真义的问题也将带来面向东说念主类改日的科学探究，举例：为什么咱们会坠入爱河？东说念主类有一天会不得不离开地球吗？东说念主类为什么会对猫狗如斯陶醉？
这次125个科常识题《科学》杂志专刊看成交大建校125周年记忆行动之一，问题征采集中海外前沿、巨匠共需、科学发展，聚焦前瞻紧要科常识题，面向科学家、学生、社会搜集。全国顶尖科学家协会也施展资源上风，邀请诺贝尔奖、沃尔夫奖、拉斯克奖、图灵奖、麦克阿瑟天才奖等全国“最宏大脑”共同参与，共同推敲东说念主类面前与改日面临的科常识题。
SJTU & Science 125个科常识题
Mathematical Sciences
数学
1. What makes prime numbers so special?
什么使素数如斯终点？
2. Will the Navier–Stokes problem ever be solved?
纳维尔-斯托克斯问题会获得惩办吗？
3. Is the Riemann hypothesis true?
黎曼猜思是确凿吗？
Chemistry
化学
1. Are there more color pigments to discover?
还有更多颜色元素可发现吗？
2. Will the periodic table ever be complete?
元素周期表会好意思满吗？
3. How can we measure interface phenomena on the microscopic level?
如安在微不雅层面测量界面风物？
4. What is the future for energy storage？
能量存储的改日是如何的？
5. Why does life require chirality?
为什么人命需要手性？
6. How can we better manage the world's plastic waste?
咱们如何更好地经管全国上的塑料废料？
7. Will AI redefine the future of chemistry?
AI会从头界说化学的改日吗？
8. How can matter be programmed into living materials?
物资如何被编码而成为人命材料？
9. What drives reproduction in living systems?
伟大是什么驱动人命系统的复制？
Medicine & Health
医学与健康
1. Can we predict the next pandemic?
咱们不错瞻望下一次流行病吗？
2. Will we ever find a cure for the common cold?
咱们会找到休养伤风的标准吗？
3. Can we design and manufacture medicines customized for individual people?
咱们不错诡计和制造出为个东说念主定制的药物吗？
4. Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?
东说念主体组织或器官不错王人备再生吗？
5. How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?
如何看守和调遣免疫稳态？
6. Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?
中医的经络系统有科学依据吗？
7. How will the next generation of vaccines be made?
下一代疫苗将如何坐褥？
8. Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?
咱们能否克服抗生素耐药性？
9. What is the etiology of autism?
自闭症的病因是什么？
10. What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?
咱们的微生物组在健康和疾病中饰演什么脚色？
11. Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?
如何注册皇冠账号异种移植能否惩办供体器官的空泛问题？
Biology
人命科学
1. What could help conservation of the oceans?
什么不错匡助保护海洋？
2. Can we stop ourselves from aging?
咱们不错纰谬我方虚弱吗？
3. Why can only some cells become other cells?
皇冠体育
皇冠客服飞机：@seo3687为什么唯有一些细胞会变成其他细胞？
4. Why are some genomes so big and others very small?
为什么有些基因组颠倒大而另一些却很小？
5. Will it be possible to cure all cancers?
有可能补救通盘癌症吗？
6. What genes make us uniquely human?
哪些基因使咱们东说念主类出类拔萃？
7. How do migratory animals know where they're going?
转搬动物如何知说念它们要去那里？
8. How many species are there on Earth?
地球上有若干物种？
9. How do organisms evolve?
有机体是如何进化的？
10. Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?
为什么恐龙长得如斯之大？
11. Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?
旷古东说念主类是否曾与其他类东说念主先人杂交？
12. Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?
东说念主类为什么会对猫狗如斯陶醉？
13. Will the world's population keep growing indefinitely?
全国东说念主口会无穷增长吗？
14. Why do we stop growing?
咱们为什么会住手滋长？
15. Is de-extinction possible?
能否回生骤一火生物？
16. Can humans hibernate?
东说念主类不错蛰伏吗？
17. Where do human emotions originate?
东说念主类的容颜源于何处？
18. Will humans look physically different in the future?
改日东说念主类的外貌会有所不同吗？
19. Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?
为什么会发生物种大爆发和大骤一火？
20. How might genome editing be used to cure disease?
基因组剪辑将如何用于休养疾病？
21. Can a cell be artificially synthesized?
威尼斯人手机投注网站不错东说念主工合成细胞吗？
22. How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?
细胞内的生物分子是如何组织从而有序有用施展作用的？
Astronomy
天文体
1. How many dimensions are there in space?
空间中有若干个维度？
2. What is the shape of the universe?
寰宇的花样是如何的？
3. Where did the big bang start?
大爆炸从何处驱动？
4. Why don't the orbits of planets decay and cause them to crash into each other?
为什么行星的轨说念不衰减并导致它们互相碰撞？
5. When will the universe die? Will it continue to expand?
寰宇何时沦陷？它会不息延迟吗？
6. Is it possible to live permanently on another planet?
咱们有可能在另一个星球上耐久居住吗？
7. Why do black holes exist?
为什么存在黑洞？
8. What is the universe made of?
寰宇是由什么组成的？
9. Are we alone in the universe?
咱们是寰宇中独一的人命体吗？
10. What is the origin of cosmic rays?
寰宇射线的发祥是什么？
11. What is the origin of mass?
物资的发祥是什么？
12. What is the smallest scale of space-time?
时空的最小标准是是若干？
13. Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth?
水是寰宇中通盘人命所必需的么，也曾仅对地球人命？
14. What is preventing humans from carrying out deep-space exploration?
是什么纰谬了东说念主类进行深空探伤？
15. Is Einstein's general theory of relativity correct?
爱因斯坦的广义相对论是正确的吗？
16. How are pulsars formed?
脉冲星是如何变成的？
17. Is our Milky Way Galaxy special?
咱们的星河系终点吗？
18. What is the volume, composition, and significance of the deep biosphere?
深层生物圈的规模、组成和真义是什么？
19. Will humans one day have to leave the planet (or die trying)?
东说念主类有一天会不得不离开地球吗（也曾会在尝试中故去）？
20. Where do the heavy elements in the universe come from?
寰宇中的重元素来自何处？
21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter?
皇冠体育 维基百科有可能了解细巧恒星和物资的结构吗？
22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?
高能寰宇中微子的发祥是什么？
23. What is gravity?
什么是重力？
Physics
物理学
1. Is there a diffraction limit?
有衍射极限吗？
2. What is the microscopic mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity?
高温超导的微不雅机理是什么？
3. What are the limits of heat transfer in matter?
物资传热的极限是什么？
4. What are the fundamental principles of collective motion?
集体畅通的基快乐趣是什么？
5. What are the smallest building blocks of matter?
什么是物资的最小组成部分？
皇冠体育充值优惠活动6. Will we ever travel at the speed of light?
咱们会以光速行驶吗？
7. What is quantum uncertainty and why is it important?
什么是量子不细则性，为什么它很要紧？
8. Will there ever be a \"theory of everything\"?
会有“万有表面”吗？
9. Why does time seem to flow in only one direction?
为什么时辰似乎只朝一个地方流动？
10. What is dark matter?
什么是暗物资？
11. Can we make a real, human-size invisibility cloak?
咱们不错制作出真东说念主大小的隐形大氅吗？
12. Are there any particles that behave oppositely to the properties or states of photons?
是否存在与光子性质或景色相背的粒子？
13. Will the Bose-Einstein condensate be widely used in the future?
玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝体改日会被庸俗使用吗？
14. Can humans make intense lasers with incoherence comparable to sunlight?
东说念主类能制造出与太阳光不异的非有关强激光吗？
15. What is the maximum speed to which we can accelerate a particle?
咱们最多不错将粒子加快到多快？
16. Is quantum many-body entanglement more fundamental than quantum fields?
量子多体纠缠比量子场更基本吗？
17. What is the optimum hardware for quantum computers?
量子琢磨机的最好硬件是什么？
18. Can we accurately simulate the macro- and microworld?
咱们不错精准模拟宏不雅和微不雅全国吗？
Information Science
信息科学
1. Is there an upper limit to computer processing speed?
琢磨机处理速率是否有上限？
2. Can AI replace a doctor?
AI不错代替医师吗？
3. Can topological quantum computing be realized?
拓扑量子琢磨不错终了吗？
4. Can DNA act as an information storage medium?
DNA不错用作信息存储介质吗？
Engineering & Material Science
工程与材料科学
1. What is the ultimate statistical invariances of turbulence?
湍流的最终统计不变性是什么？
2. How can we break the current limit of energy conversion efficiencies?
咱们如何打破面前的能量革新后果极限？
3. How can we develop manufacturing systems on Mars?
咱们如安在火星上诞生制造系统？
4. Is a future of only self-driving cars realistic?
纯无东说念主驾驶汽车的改日是否实践？
Neuroscience
神经科学
1. What are the coding principles embedded in neuronal spike trains?
神经元放电序列的编码准则是什么？
2. Where does consciousness lie?
坚定存在于何处？
3. Can human memory be stored, manipulated, and transplanted digitally?
能否数字化地存储、操控和移植东说念主类记忆？
4. Why do we need sleep?
为什么咱们需要就寝？
5. What is addiction and how does it work?
什么是成瘾？
6. Why do we fall in love?
为什么咱们会坠入爱河？
7. How did speech evolve and what parts of the brain control it?
说话如何演变变成，大脑的哪些部分对其进行死心？
8. How smart are nonhuman animals?
除东说念主类除外的其他动物有多机灵？
9. Why are most people right-handed?
为什么大无数东说念主都是右撇子？
10. Can we cure neurodegenerative diseases?
最近皇冠博彩网站更新热门赔率，这里下注，赢取奖金！咱们不错补救神经退行性疾病吗？
11. Is it possible to predict the future?
有可能先见改日吗？
12. Can we more effectively diagnose and treat complex mental disorders?
精神繁难能否有用会诊和休养？
Ecology
生态学
1. Can we stop global climate change?
咱们不错纰谬巨匠征象变化吗？
2. Where do we put all the excess carbon dioxide?
咱们能把过量的二氧化碳存到何处？
3. What creates the Earth's magnetic field (and why does it move)?
是什么创造了地球的磁场（为什么它会出动）？
4. Will we be able to predict catastrophic weather events (tsunami, hurricanes, earthquakes) more accurately?
咱们是否粗莽更准确地瞻望灾害性事件（海啸、飓风、地震）？
5. What happens if all the ice on the planet melts?
要是地球上通盘的冰熔化会如何？
6. Can we create an environmentally friendly replacement for plastics?
咱们不错创造一种环保的塑料替代品吗？
7. Can we achieve a situation where essentially every material can be recycled and reused?
险些通盘材料都不错回收再愚弄是否不错终了？
8. Will we soon see the end of monocultures like wheat, maize, rice, and soy?
咱们会很快看到小麦、玉米、大米和大豆等单一作物的斥逐吗？
Energy Science
动力科学
1. Could we live in a fossil-fuel-free world?
皇冠体育平台咱们不错生涯在一个去化石燃料的全国中吗？
2. What is the future of hydrogen energy?
氢能的改日是如何的？
3. Will cold fusion ever be possible?
冷聚变有可能终了吗？
Artificial Intelligence
东说念主工智能
1. Will injectable, disease-fighting nanobots ever be a reality?
可打针的抗病纳米机器东说念主会成为实践吗？
2. Will it be possible to create sentient robots?
是否有可能创建有感知力的机器东说念主？
3. Is there a limit to human intelligence?
东说念主类智商是否有极限？
4. Will artificial intelligence replace humans?
东说念主工智能会取代东说念主类吗？
5. How does group intelligence emerge?
群体智能是如何出现的？
6. Can robots or AIs have human creativity?
机器东说念主或 AI 不错具有东说念主类创造力吗？
7. Can quantum artificial intelligence imitate the human brain?
量子东说念主工智能不错效法东说念主脑吗？
8. Could we integrate with computers to form a human-machine hybrid species?
咱们不错和琢磨机纠合以变成东说念主机搀和物种吗？
著作起首“iNture”